Influence of Rationalism on the Development of Critical Thinking Within Contemporary Educational Processes in Basic Education

Abstract

Article analyses the relationship between rationalism and the development of critical thinking within contemporary educational processes in basic education. From a theoretical perspective, rationalism emphasizes the use of reason, logical analysis, and reflection as fundamental tools for knowledge construction, which directly contributes to the strengthening of critical thinking in students. The study highlights how rationalist principles favour questioning, argumentation, and autonomous reasoning in the classroom, promoting a meaningful learning process. In addition, the connection between theory and practice is examined, showing how logical reasoning supports problem-solving and informed decision-making in school contexts. The findings suggest that incorporating rationalist approaches in teaching practices enhances students’ ability to analyse, evaluate, and reflect critically on their learning experiences. The study is based on a qualitative methodological approach grounded in the review and analysis of relevant scientific literature, which made it possible to identify theoretical and pedagogical contributions that link rationalism to the strengthening of higher-order cognitive skills.