Epistemology as a tool to improve educational quality in teaching-learning processes in basic education

Abstract

This review article examines the fundamental role of epistemology as a theoretical and practical framework for strengthening educational quality in teaching-learning processes at the basic education level. The problem addressed arises from the persistence of traditional, mechanistic, and empiricist pedagogical approaches that view scientific knowledge as a set of finished and unquestionable truths, limiting students’ ability to analyze, question, and construct meaningful learning experiences. In this context, the main objective is to understand how the incorporation of epistemological vigilance into teaching practice improves the didactic transposition of knowledge, enabling school content to be presented in a critical, contextualized, and accessible manner for learners.From a methodological perspective, a qualitative documentary review with a descriptive-explanatory scope was conducted. The study was based on the analysis of indexed scientific literature published between 2016 and 2026. Relevant academic sources were selected from prestigious databases such as SciELO, Redalyc, and Dialnet, focusing on research related to epistemology, pedagogy, and educational quality.The findings reveal that teachers who integrate epistemological foundations into their pedagogical practices are better able to move beyond approaches focused solely on information transmission. Instead, they promote constructivist learning environments that encourage meaningful learning, problem-solving skills, and the development of critical thinking. Furthermore, students demonstrate a deeper understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge and become more active participants in the learning process. In conclusion, epistemology is an essential tool for educational innovation, as it strengthens students’ comprehensive development and contributes to the formation of reflective, autonomous, and socially responsible citizens capable of contributing to societal transformation.